Dari Karisma ke Sistem: Kepemimpinan Kiai sebagai Penggerak Safeguarding Santri dalam Tata Kelola Pesantren Ramah Anak
Abstract
Reported violence in educational institutions, including pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), has risen sharply, prompting Indonesia to strengthen child-friendly pesantren policies. Yet scholarship remains divided: studies of kiai leadership focus on charisma and institutional image, while child-friendly pesantren studies focus on policy and programme evaluation. This article develops a conceptual model positioning kiai leadership as the driver of santri safeguarding. Using an integrative literature review of 24 journal articles published in 2021–2026, five regulations, and official data, analysed thematically, it yields three findings. First, kiai authority is paradoxical: it protects, yet creates vulnerability when obedience is not balanced by accountability. Second, state policies become effective only when kiai translate them into values and management functions. Third, the proposed Safeguarding-Based Kiai Leadership Model comprises system, culture, and accountability pillars, with accountability operationalised through independent reporting channels, conflict-of-interest rules, and protection of reporters. Protecting santri therefore requires shifting from figure-centred leadership to leadership that institutionalises protection.
Keywords
child-friendly pesantren, Islamic education management, kiai leadership, pesantren governance, safeguarding
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